Essay on causes of french revoultionary war - 1624 Words

The causes of the French Revolution, the uprising which brought the regime of King Louis XVI to an end, were manifold. France in 1789 was one of the richest and most powerful nations in Europe; only in Great Britain and the Netherlands did the common people have more freedom and less chance of arbitrary punishment. Nevertheless, the ancien rà ©gime was brought down, partly by its own rigidity in the face of a changing world, partly by the ambitions of a rising bourgeoisie, allied with aggrieved peasants and wage-earners and with individuals of all classes who were influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment. As the revolution proceeded and as power devolved from the monarchy to legislative bodies, the conflicting interests of these†¦show more content†¦The proletariat and the non-bourgeois strata of the middle class had either not yet evolved interests which were different from those of the bourgeoisie or they did not yet constitute independent classes or class divisions. Therefore, where they opposed the bourgeoisie, as they did in France in 1793 and 1794, [that is to say, during the Reign of Terror] they fought only for the attainment of the aims of the bourgeoisie, albeit in a non-bourgeois manner. The entire French terrorism was just a plebeian way of dealing with the enemies of the bourgeoisie: absolutism, feudalism and philistinism.\\\\\\ [1] (http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/12/15.htm) Economics Debt Since 1614, the French monarchy had operated without resort to a legislature. Kings had managed their fiscal affairs by increasing the burden of the ancient and unequal system of taxes, by borrowing money, and sometimes by selling noble titles and other privileges; however, because noble titles exempted the holder from future taxes, the purchasers of titles were effectively buying an annuity. This led to the long-running fiscal crisis of the French government. On the eve of the revolution, France was deeply indebted, so deeply as to be effectively bankrupt. Extravagant expenditures by Louis XIV on luxuries such as Versailles were compounded by heavy expenditures on the Seven Years War

Animal Farm A Fairy Story Why do you think Orwell...

A book that is based on a fable usually contains characters that act and talk like human beings while retaining their human traits. George Orwell wrote a book that was called animal farm: a fairy story and was most likely based on the Russian Revolution which occurred during 1917 to 1945. There are many reasons to which why George Orwell would have used a fable in his condemnation of Soviet communism and totalitarianism. George Orwell used talking animals to show their interaction of these animals to help link things about humans that he can link to animals in the world. George Orwells book contained many animals which seemed to be imprisoned on a farm by their owner Mr. Jones, it is recognised by many people that this symbolised the†¦show more content†¦The farms surrounding and interacting with Animal Farm would have symbolized the other countries in the world which related with the country during that time which tremendous change was happening in Russia. Farmer Jones is easily linked to Czar Nicholas II because Nicholas was the leader or Russia and Jones was the owner of the farm which represented Russia. Both leaders were beginning to be questioned and hated by their followers and soon lost what they had control of. Jones came back with other farmers to come and attempt to regain control of the farm though was met with all of the animals who did not allow Jones to come out of the battle victorious with some animals rising from the group and inspiring them to fight harder. Nicholas also came back with help from other countries to help him regain control of the country which he once controlled. The animals of the farm obviously represent everyone and everything that was under the control of Mr. Jones. In reality, this would represent all the citizens and working class who were struggling in those times which were many in numbers. Karl Marx and Old Major have an obvious similarity because Karl Marx was one of the first to proclaim his vision of a better country and Old Major was the pig who tells all of the animals on the farm of the dream he had that had

Nursing Grief and Crisis Management

Question: Discuss about theNursing Grief and Crisis Management. Answer: Introduction Cultural perspective is the major factor that shapes the reaction of the people towards bereavement experience. Many people deal with death as well as trauma and cultural interventions. According to Glenn (2016), religion plays a significant role in the traumatic situations. Many people become unaware of the position on religion until they face any loss. People start believing in their religion when they face such losses in life (Neimeyer, Klass Dennis, 2014). The expression of grief or loss is different in diverse cultural background. The study will discuss the cultural norm of South Asia Indian cultural group in expressing their grief and loss. The practices, customs, and rituals are quite different to the other cultural group. The study will describe the code of ethics for Nurses in Australia to understand the diversity values. South Asian Cultural group belong to some of the countries like India, Pakistan, Nepal, China, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. The study specifically focusing on the Indian cultural group in dealing with deaths and grieves (Neimeyer, Klass Dennis, 2014). Indian people follow various types of rituals and cultural norms for funeral of a death person. Majority of the people in India are Hindu and they follow the Hinduism cultural norms for completing the funeral process (Irish, Lundquist Nelsen 2014). It is to be indicated that the Death and Burial Customs in Hinduism culture offers a process that comforts the grieving of the family by honoring the person who is dead. It is a well-known fact that Hinduism upholds the beliefs of reincarnation after completing the cycles of life. Hindus believe that Karma affects the practices and tones of mourning rituals (Currier et al., 2013). Therefore, it is important to create a positive atmosphere for the mourning family. The family passes on the merit s of good karma for preparing a positive rebirth for their loved ones. The Hindu members provide prayers, supports, and mantras for honoring the person and comfort to the person. Hindus have a string belief in reincarnation. It is perceived that when a person dies, their soul moves from the one body to another on the path to reach heaven. The priest and the family member come to pray with the dying person (Thieleman, 2015). They read holy texts and sing holy songs. The priest then performs the last rites. Soon after death, the family will pray around the body. In some of the cases, people try to avoid touching it since it is considered as unclean. The funeral process starts with cleaning the deceased body and dressing it in white traditional clothing. It is ritual of dressing a wife in red if she dies before her husband. The procession passes the places that were important to the deceased (Thefuneralsource.org, 2017). People enchant the prayers when the body is entering to the crematorium. The body is decorated with flowers and sandalwood while someone even reads from scriptures. The male person or the eldest son is the main mourner that will pray for the sou l of the body. Neimeyer, Klass and Dennis (2014) described that Hindus believe in burning the bodies after death since it releases the spirits. The flames extracted from this burning body are considered as the creator Brahma. The priest performs the role of purifying the home with spices and incense. When the friends and relatives visit the family members, the mourning period begins. The funeral mourners must need to wash and change their clothes before they enter to the house (Aub.edu.lb, 2017). After one year, the family again arranges Shradh to free the soul of the dead person and bid a final goodbye. Muslims and Christians in India follow the different procedures for their funeral rituals. It is even appropriate to visit the home for showing respects to the deceased and their soul. The family stays in a state of extreme ritual impurity during this period. Along with this, they even need to maintain some of the strict rules for a while. The Code of Ethics for nurses in Australia is developed for improving the nursing profession in Australia. These codes of ethics for nurses are described further. Nurses have to value the quality nursing care for each individual. Nurses have to be respectful and kind to both self and others. Nurses value the cultural diversity of the people (Pitt et al., 2013). Nurses value the proper access to quality health care and nursing care for all people. Nurses value the proper and informed decision making process. Nurses value the management of information in an ethical way. Nurses value a culture safety in the health care centre. Nurses need to promote a socially, ecologically, and economically sustainable environment. The value statement describes the value of the diversity of people who require proper appreciation for the people who are from different cultural background (Zahedi et al., 2013). These eight codes of ethics are accompanied by four major categories that are described further. Self: According to Epstein and Turner (2015), it is necessary to acknowledge ones culture to value the diversity. The nurses have to recognize and value the own identity along with the experience for promoting a diversified culture at the health care scenario. The values, belief, perceptions, and attitudes are needed to be taken into consideration. In case of Indian culture, the nurses provide the extra care when it comes to religious concerns (Stephens Brighton, 2014). They find the emotions when a person is dying and they provide similar condolence to the family members. Person(Health Consumers) It is necessary to acknowledge and respond to each person for valuing diversity. The nurses need to develop the unique cultural knowledge and awareness to respond in a significant way. The nurses need to learn proper language to communicate with the family member of the service users (Pitt et al., 2013). During a health care encounter, the cultural communication describes the proper care for the service users and their families. Colleagues Nurses accept and value the diversity at their workplace. They usually acknowledge the colleagues from the different cultural background (Epstein Turner, 2015). Accordingly, they respond towards the need for inter-professional and non-discriminatory interpersonal relationship among the colleagues. The nurses even respect each others skills, knowledge, and experiences (Bowden, 2015). They value each other like the precious resources that are essential for improving the health care quality. Indian culture is much concerned about the respectful attitudes and proper condolence for the family who lost someone during the treatment. Community The nurses need to identify and accept the diversity of people in the community. It is noted that people from different community live their lives much as per their choices and preferences. The nurses need to derive knowledge about the different cultural values, practices, and experiences. It is necessary for the nurses to eliminate disparities in health and nursing care. Nurses usually work to reduce the adverse effects and prejudicial attitudes. Promoting the quality health care practices helps in strengthening the reputed position of the health care centre. When a person is dying, the family members usually face the losses and grieve. It is quite clear that people from different cultural background express their mourning in a different manner. Especially, in Indian culture, it is noticed that the family members become out of control while expressing their emotions. The nursing practices promote the right attitudes for the people who face such losses and grief. The nurses have to keep much patience to handle such emotional environment. The emotional grievance sometimes makes the people weak. Especially, when a person is dying, it becomes very difficult to deal with the family members of the patients. In order to promote the good quality of nursing care, it is necessary for the nurses to control their emotional state of minds. Conclusion Nurses need to promote the quality care services for the health care systems. In particular form, the nurses are aware of the fact that people should not be harmed due to the differences in their language and cultural aspects. When a person dies, it generates the emotions among each individual. Be it a different cultural people, everyone feels some sort of grievance and emotions due to the loss. The nursing care should promote the quality care for the family members of the patient who has died. In different countries, the rituals, customs, and practices are different to each other. Especially, in terms of the religious aspects, people maintain different traditional customs to provide proper honor to the dead body. Hence, the study explores the funeral process maintains by the people in India. People from Hinduism religion pass through some of the significant procedures to make the soul feel comfortable. On the other hand, promoting the nursing care to maintain cultural diversity is e ssential. The proper nursing codes of ethics are also needed to be maintained for promoting the quality nursing care in a significant way. References Aub.edu.lb, (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.aub.edu.lb/fm/shbpp/nursing/Documents/5_New-Code-of-Ethics-for-Nurses-August-2008[1].pdf [Accessed 24 Feb. 2017]. Bowden, P. (2015). Ethics across the Organisational Spectrum. InThe Ethical Contribution of Organizations to Society(pp. 93-119). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Currier, J. M., Mallot, J., Martinez, T. E., Sandy, C., Neimeyer, R. A. (2013). Bereavement, religion, and posttraumatic growth: A matched control group investigation.Psychology of Religion and Spirituality,5(2), 69. Epstein, B., Turner, M. (2015). The nursing code of ethics: Its value, its history.OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing,20(2). Glenn, S. S. (2016). Verbal behavior and cultural practices.Behavior Analysis and Social Action,7(1, 2), 10-15. Irish, D. P., Lundquist, K. F., Nelsen, V. J. (2014).Ethnic variations in dying, death and grief: Diversity in universality. Taylor Francis. Neimeyer, R. A., Klass, D., Dennis, M. R. (2014). Mourning, meaning, and memory: Individual, communal, and cultural narration of grief. InMeaning in Positive and existential psychology(pp. 325-346). Springer New York. Pitt, V., Powis, D., Levett-Jones, T., Hunter, S. (2013). Can an existing personal qualities measure be used to examine nursing students' professional and personal attributes?.Focus on Health Professional Education: A Multi-disciplinary Journal,15(2), 41. Stephens, M., Brighton, R. (2014). Values, Ethics and Advocacy.Kozier Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing Australian Edition,3, 89. Thefuneralsource.org. (2017). Hinduism Funeral Traditions- Religious Traditions: The Funeral Source. [online] Available at: https://thefuneralsource.org/trad0204.html [Accessed 24 Feb. 2017]. Thieleman, K. (2015). Epilogue: Grief, Bereavement, and Ritual Across Cultures. InThe World of Bereavement(pp. 287-298). Springer International Publishing. Zahedi, F., Sanjari, M., Aala, M., Peymani, M., Aramesh, K., Parsapour, A., ... Dastgerdi, M. V. (2013). The code of ethics for nurses.Iranian journal of public health,42(1), 1.

Richard Nixon Essays - Richard Nixon, Jerry Voorhis,

Richard Nixon Richard Millhouse Nixon, our 37th President of the United States was born on January 9, 1913 on Yorba Linda California. Nixon attended different elementary schools trough out Yorba Linda, Whittier, and Fullerton. In high school Nixon played football, and he also got into debating. After high school Nixon attended Whittier Collage, where he became president of the student body and also won many debating awards. When he graduated Whittier collage in 1934, he received a scholarship to Duke University School of Law. At Duke, Nixon was elected president of the student law association and won election to the Order of the Coif. When he graduated he ranked third in a class of 44 students. After graduating from Duke Nixon was having a hard time finding a job, since the great depression had just ended. He tried to joint the FBI and a law firm in New York. He later returned home and found a job in a small firm. He also meet his future wife Patricia. In January 1942, Nixon joined the Navy as an ensign. Three years later he got promoted to lieutenant commander. Nixon's rise to presidency began in 1936, just after he got out of the navy. He went against democrat Jerry Voorhis, and Nixon won the election after saying that Voorhis was a Communist. As a representative, Nixon worked on the Marshall Plan, and also help write the Taft-Hartley act. In 1948 he was again reelected to the House. Two years later Nixon ran for US Senator against Helen Gahagan Douglas. Nixon won the election by 700,000 votes. In the 1952 election, Richard Nixon was running as Vice President with Dwight D. Eisenhower. There was a dispute over some money, and Nixon was asked to withdraw from the campaign. After a speech he gave, Nixon was once aging in the campaign. Eisenhower and Nixon won the election. Nixon handled the White House's business with very ease, after the President suffered from a stroke. As Vice president Nixon traveled to every single continent except Antarctica, he was booed and stoned by Communist in Peru, in Venezuela his car window got smashed. In 1960, Nixon ran for president against JFK. It was one of the closest elections in history. Nixon lost by 114,673 popular votes. In 1962, Nixon ran for Governor of California and lost to Edmund G. Brown. Nixon once agin g got nominated to run for President. His opponent this time was Hubert H. Humphrey. They both promised to make peace with Vietnam. Richard Nixon won the election and became our 37th President. Nixons main foreign exchange policy was to end the Vietnam war. On 1969 Nixon began holding troops back. In 1972 Nixon blocked Vietnam's food supply from the Soviet Union. Nixon also order their state capital to get bombed. Later congress ordered the bombing to stop. Another foreign exchange policy was to reopen trading with China. China and the United States hadn't trade since 1953 during the Korean war. In 1972 Richard Nixon and Leonid I. Brezhnev, leader of the Soviet Union's Communist party meet and signed a contract to limit the production of nuclear weapons. The Soviet Union also begun to buy wheat from the United States. Among Nixon's domestic plans that failed were, money that should be given to needy families with children, and a plan in which federal government should share tax mone y with state and local governments. Nixon also helped decrease inflation by regulating the rent wages and stop salary increases. Richard Nixons failures include the dramatic inflation rise of 1973. Inflation went up 8.8 %. This was nothing compared to the Watergate scandal. Nixon was accused of holding evidence from court. Apparently the evidence were some tapes of him that could lead to the prosecution of the Watergate break in. Nixon was then impeached. After retiring Nixon spend most of the time paling golf, he also wrote many books, including The Memoirs of Richard Nixon. Nixon was buried with his wife near the house were he was born in. Ronald Reagen was born n February 6, 1911, in Tampico Illinois. Ronald Regain didn't come from a wealthy family, I realize now that we were poor, but I didn't know it at